Developing Interactive Learning Media to Enhance Elementary School Students’ Learning Motivation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35719/educare.v6i1.291Keywords:
Interactive Learning Media, Elementary School, Learning Motivation, Educational TechnologyAbstract
The low learning motivation among elementary school students remains a major challenge in the learning process. Conventional methods, which are often unengaging, make students quickly bored and passive. Therefore, the development of interactive learning media is needed to effectively and enjoyably enhance student involvement, interest, and enthusiasm. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model to develop interactive learning media. The development process includes needs analysis, learning strategy design, media creation, implementation, and effectiveness evaluation. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively to assess the quality and effectiveness of the developed learning product. The implementation of interactive learning media has proven effective in increasing student motivation and engagement. The use of physical components, such as wooden map boards and cultural picture cards, provided a hands-on learning experience that deepened students' understanding. Despite challenges related to teacher adaptation and media accessibility, the benefits of this approach—especially in improving motivation and learning outcomes—are evident. Future research should explore the long-term impact on student knowledge retention and how to adapt the media for diverse cultural contexts. This study significantly contributes to the development of interactive learning media that can enhance student motivation and engagement in elementary education. By integrating physical components that support active learning, this research offers a new, effective approach for teaching cultural diversity. Additionally, it provides insights into the development of more adaptive and applicable media that can be implemented in various cultural contexts and used more widely in classrooms.
References
Abacioglu, C. S., Epskamp, S., Fischer, A. H., & et al. (2023). Effects Of Multicultural Education On Student Engagement In Low- And High-Concentration Classrooms: The Mediating Role Of Student Relationships. Learning Environments Research, 26, 951–975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-023-09462-0
Abdulrahaman, M. D., Faruk, N., Oloyede, A. A., Surajudeen-Bakinde, N. T., Olawoyin, L. A., Mejabi, O. V., Imam-Fulani, Y. O., Fahm, A. O., & Azeez, A. L. (2020). Multimedia Tools In The Teaching And Learning Processes: A Systematic Review. Heliyon, 6(11), e05312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05312
Adawiyah, E. R., Winarno, A., & Onia, S. I. (2024). Effectiveness of Interactive Learning Media Development Based on Articulate Storyline 3 in Elementary School Education. EDUCARE: Journal of Primary Education, 5(2), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.35719/educare.v5i2.253
Aini, Q., Zuliana, S. R., & Santoso, N. P. L. (2018). Management Measurement Scale As A Reference To Determine Interval In A Variable. APTISI Transactions on Management, 2(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v2i1.775
Almulla, M. A. (2020). The Effectiveness of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) Approach as a Way to Engage Students in Learning. SAGE Open, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020938702
Al-Saadawi, H. F. T., Das, B., & Das, R. (2024). A Systematic Review Of Trimodal Affective Computing Approaches: Text, Audio, And Visual Integration In Emotion Recognition And Sentiment Analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 255(Part D), 124852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124852
Alshamaila, Y., Awwad, F. M. A., Masa’deh, R., & Farfoura, M. E. (2023). Complexities, Challenges, and Opportunities of Mobile Learning: A Case Study at the University of Jordan. Sustainability, 15(12), 9564. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129564
Børte, K., & Lillejord, S. (2024). Learning To Teach: Aligning Pedagogy And Technology In A Learning Design Tool. Teaching and Teacher Education, 148, 104693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104693
Botelho, F. H. F. (2021). Accessibility To Digital Technology: Virtual Barriers, Real Opportunities. Assistive Technology, 33(sup1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2021.1945705
Bozda?, Ç. (2022). Inclusive Media Education in the Diverse Classroom: A Participatory Action Research in Germany. Media and Communication, 10(4), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i4.5640
Bukhatir, A., Al-Hawari, M. A., Aderibigbe, S., Omar, M., & Alotaibi, E. (2023). Improving Student Retention In Higher Education Institutions – Exploring The Factors Influencing Employees' Extra-Role Behavior. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(3), 100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100128
Charline, C., Jo, S., & Frederic, E. (2023). Use of Learning Media to Increase Student Learning Motivation in Junior High Schools. World Psychology, 2(3), 176–189. https://doi.org/10.55849/wp.v2i3.402
Cheung, C.-K. (2010). Web 2.0: Challenges and Opportunities for Media Education and beyond. E-Learning and Digital Media, 7(4), 328-337. https://doi.org/10.2304/elea.2010.7.4.328
Cho, J. D. (2021). A Study of Multi-Sensory Experience and Color Recognition in Visual Arts Appreciation of People with Visual Impairment. Electronics, 10(4), 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040470
Clark, D. B., Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Killingsworth, S. S. (2016). Digital Games, Design, and Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Review of Educational Research, 86(1), 79-122. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315582065
Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Herrero-Roldán, S., Rodriguez-Besteiro, S., Martínez-Guardado, I., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2024). Digital Device Usage and Childhood Cognitive Development: Exploring Effects on Cognitive Abilities. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 11(11), 1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11111299
Cole, R. (2023). Inter-Rater Reliability Methods in Qualitative Case Study Research. Sociological Methods & Research, 53(4), 1944-1975. https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241231156971
Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2019). Implications For Educational Practice Of The Science Of Learning And Development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791
Darling-Hammond, L., Schachner, A. C. W., Wojcikiewicz, S. K., & Flook, L. (2023). Educating Teachers To Enact The Science Of Learning And Development. Applied Developmental Science, 28(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2022.2130506
Daryanes, F., Darmadi, D., Fikri, K., Sayuti, I., Rusandi, M. A., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2023). The Development Of Articulate Storyline Interactive Learning Media Based On Case Methods To Train Student's Problem-Solving Ability. Heliyon, 9(4), e15082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15082
Dermitzaki, I. (2025). Fostering Elementary School Students’ Self-Regulation Skills in Reading Comprehension: Effects on Text Comprehension, Strategy Use, and Self-Efficacy. Behavioral Sciences, 15(2), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020101
Fang, J., Pechenkina, E., Rayner, G. M., & Chase, A.-M. (2024). Educators’ Experiences In Engaging And Supporting Business Undergraduate Students In An Emergency Remote Teaching Environment: Insights For Enhanced Teaching Practices. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), 101051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101051
Gan, B., Menkhoff, T., & Smith, R. (2015). Enhancing Students’ Learning Process Through Interactive Digital Media: New Opportunities For Collaborative Learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 51(Part B), 652-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.048
González-Valencia, G., Massip Sabater, M., & Santisteban Fernández, A. (2022). Critical Global Citizenship Education: A Study On Secondary School Students. Frontiers in Education, 7, 867113. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.867113
Grassini, S. (2023). Shaping the Future of Education: Exploring the Potential and Consequences of AI and ChatGPT in Educational Settings. Education Sciences, 13(7), 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070692
Hadders-Algra, M. (2020). Interactive Media Use And Early Childhood Development. Jornal de pediatria, 96(3), 273–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2019.05.001
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding The Role Of Digital Technologies In Education: A Review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004
Hanaysha, J. R., Shriedeh, F. B., & In'airat, M. (2023). Impact Of Classroom Environment, Teacher Competency, Information And Communication Technology Resources, And University Facilities On Student Engagement And Academic Performance. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 3(2), 100188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100188
Handtke, O., Schilgen, B., & Mösko, M. (2019). Culturally Competent Healthcare- A Scoping Review Of Strategies Implemented In Healthcare Organizations And A Model Of Culturally Competent Healthcare Provision. PloS one, 14(7), e0219971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219971
Hellín, C. J., Calles-Esteban, F., Valledor, A., Gómez, J., Otón-Tortosa, S., & Tayebi, A. (2023). Enhancing Student Motivation and Engagement through a Gamified Learning Environment. Sustainability, 15(19), 14119. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914119
Hidayat, D., Fitriah, F., Mahlil, M., & Mason, J. (2023). Factors Impacting English Teachers’ Creativity In Teaching English As A Foreign Language In Indonesia. Studies in English Language and Education, 10(1), 155-173. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v10i1.26145
Hossain, K. I. (2024). Literature-Based Language Learning: Challenges, And Opportunities For English Learners. Ampersand, 13, 100201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2024.100201
Keller, M. M., Becker, E. S., Frenzel, A. C., & Taxer, J. L. (2018). When Teacher Enthusiasm Is Authentic or Inauthentic: Lesson Profiles of Teacher Enthusiasm and Relations to Students’ Emotions. AERA Open, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418782967
Kerimbayev, N., Umirzakova, Z., Shadiev, R., & et al. (2023). A Student-Centered Approach Using Modern Technologies In Distance Learning: A Systematic Review Of The Literature. Smart Learning Environments, 10, 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00280-8
Kholisunnada, F., & Darmawati, D. (2023). Implementation of the Numbered Head Together Learning Model to Improve Students' Science Learning Outcomes. Prisma Sains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 11(3), 799-805. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v11i3.8457
Klingebiel, S., et al. (2024). Methods For Data Collection And Analysis. In Exploring The Effectiveness Of International Knowledge Cooperation (pp. xx-xx). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55704-0_4
Krestanova, A., Cerny, M., & Augustynek, M. (2021). Review: Development and Technical Design of Tangible User Interfaces in Wide-Field Areas of Application. Sensors, 21(13), 4258. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134258
Lian, Y., & Xie, J. (2024). The Evolution of Digital Cultural Heritage Research: Identifying Key Trends, Hotspots, and Challenges through Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 16(16), 7125. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167125
Lim, W. M. (2024). What Is Quantitative Research? An Overview and Guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264622
Lin, M. H., Chen, H. C., & Liu, K. S. (2017). A Study of the Effects of Digital Learning on Learning Motivation and Learning Outcome. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3553-3564. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00744a
Manganello, F., & Baldacci, M. (2024). Digital Stories and Inclusive Cultures at School: A Research Study in an Italian Primary Multicultural Classroom. Education Sciences, 14(10), 1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14101108
Markey, K., Graham, M. M., Tuohy, D., McCarthy, J., O’Donnell, C., Hennessy, T., … O’ Brien, B. (2023). Navigating Learning And Teaching In Expanding Culturally Diverse Higher Education Settings. Higher Education Pedagogies, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2023.2165527
Marougkas, A., Troussas, C., Krouska, A., & Sgouropoulou, C. (2023). Virtual Reality in Education: A Review of Learning Theories, Approaches and Methodologies for the Last Decade. Electronics, 12(13), 2832. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132832
Martin-Alguacil, N., Avedillo, L., Mota-Blanco, R., & Gallego-Agundez, M. (2024). Student-Centered Learning: Some Issues and Recommendations for Its Implementation in a Traditional Curriculum Setting in Health Sciences. Education Sciences, 14(11), 1179. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14111179
Massof, R. (2004). Likert And Guttman Scaling Of Visual Function Rating Scale Questionnaires. Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 11(5), 381–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/09286580490888771
Mebert, L., Barnes, R., Dalley, J., Gawarecki, L., Ghazi-Nezami, F., Shafer, G., … Yezbick, E. (2020). Fostering Student Engagement Through A Real-World, Collaborative Project Across Disciplines And Institutions. Higher Education Pedagogies, 5(1), 30–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2020.1750306
Monib, W. K., Qazi, A., & Apong, R. A. (2025). Microlearning Beyond Boundaries: A Systematic Review And A Novel Framework For Improving Learning Outcomes. Heliyon, 11(2), e41413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41413
Noyes, J., Booth, A., Moore, G., Flemming, K., Tunçalp, Ö., & Shakibazadeh, E. (2019). Synthesising Quantitative And Qualitative Evidence To Inform Guidelines On Complex Interventions: Clarifying The Purposes, Designs And Outlining Some Methods. BMJ global health, 4(Suppl 1), e000893. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000893
Ohara, M. R. (2023). The Role of Social Media in Educational Communication Management. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(2), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v1i2.25
Olsson, D., Gericke, N., & Boeve-de Pauw, J. (2022). The Effectiveness Of Education For Sustainable Development Revisited – A Longitudinal Study On Secondary Students’ Action Competence For Sustainability. Environmental Education Research, 28(3), 405–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2033170
Paas, F., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2020). Cognitive-Load Theory: Methods to Manage Working Memory Load in the Learning of Complex Tasks. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(4), 394-398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721420922183
Pandita, A., & Kiran, R. (2023). The Technology Interface and Student Engagement Are Significant Stimuli in Sustainable Student Satisfaction. Sustainability, 15(10), 7923. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107923
Paradis, E., O'Brien, B., Nimmon, L., Bandiera, G., & Martimianakis, M. A. (2016). Design: Selection of Data Collection Methods. Journal of graduate medical education, 8(2), 263–264. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-16-00098.1
Petropoulos, F., Laporte, G., Aktas, E., Alumur, S. A., Archetti, C., Ayhan, H., … Zhao, X. (2023). Operational Research: Methods And Applications. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 75(3), 423–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2023.2253852
Pimdee, P., Sukkamart, A., Nantha, C., Kantathanawat, T., & Leekitchwatana, P. (2024). Enhancing Thai Student-Teacher Problem-Solving Skills And Academic Achievement Through A Blended Problem-Based Learning Approach In Online Flipped Classrooms. Heliyon, 10(7), e29172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29172
Puja, I. B. P. (2024). The Mediating Role Of Online Learning Motivation In The Influence Of Service Quality, Social Media Usage, And Pedagogical Teaching Competence Of Teachers On Student Learning Satisfaction. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2396934
Purkarthofer, E., & Mäntysalo, R. (2022). Enhancing Knowledge, Skills, and Identity Development Through Collaborative Student-Led Learning: Experiences With the Gradual Empowerment of Students in a Planning Studio Course. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 44(3), 1148-1159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X221118599
Radil, A. I., Goegan, L. D., & Daniels, L. M. (2023). Teachers’ Authentic Strategies To Support Student Motivation. Front. Educ. 8:1040996. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1040996
Ratan, S. K., Anand, T., & Ratan, J. (2019). Formulation of Research Question - Stepwise Approach. Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, 24(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_76_18
Rehman, S. U., Gulzar, R., & Aslam, W. (2022). Developing the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) through Social Media (SM): The Modern Marketing Communication Approach. SAGE Open, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221099936
Richter, S., Giroux, M., Piven, I., Sima, H., & Dodd, P. (2024). A Constructivist Approach to Integrating AI in Marketing Education: Bridging Theory and Practice. Journal of Marketing Education, 47(2), 94-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/02734753241288876
Romualdi, K. B., & Sudrajat, A. (2024). Development Of Multimedia-Based Learning Videos To Increase Learning Motivation In History For Grade XI Social Science Students In Senior High School. JINoP (Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran), 10(1), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.22219/jinop.v10i1.25708
Sankalaite, S., Huizinga, M., Pollé, S., Xu, C., De Vries, N., Hens, E., & Baeyens, D. (2023). A Qualitative Study into Teacher–Student Interaction Strategies Employed to Support Primary School Children’s Working Memory. Education Sciences, 13(11), 1149. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13111149
Sato, S. N., Condes Moreno, E., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., Dalamitros, A. A., Yañez-Sepulveda, R., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2024). Navigating the New Normal: Adapting Online and Distance Learning in the Post-Pandemic Era. Education Sciences, 14(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010019
Schildkamp, K. (2019). Data-Based Decision-Making For School Improvement: Research Insights And Gaps. Educational Research, 61(3), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2019.1625716
Shayan, N. F., Mohabbati-Kalejahi, N., Alavi, S., & Zahed, M. A. (2022). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Sustainability, 14(3), 1222. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031222
Shelton, K. & Saltsman, G. (2006). Using the Addie Model for Teaching Online. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education (IJICTE), 2(3), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.4018/jicte.2006070102
Simon, P. D., & Zeng, L. M. (2024). Behind the Scenes of Adaptive Learning: A Scoping Review of Teachers’ Perspectives on the Use of Adaptive Learning Technologies. Education Sciences, 14(12), 1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14121413
Singh, J., Steele, K., & Singh, L. (2021). Combining the Best of Online and Face-to-Face Learning: Hybrid and Blended Learning Approach for COVID-19, Post Vaccine, & Post-Pandemic World. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 50(2), 140-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395211047865
Spatioti, A. G., Kazanidis, I., & Pange, J. (2022). A Comparative Study of the ADDIE Instructional Design Model in Distance Education. Information, 13(9), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090402
Sugiarni, S., Widiastuti, D. E., & Tahrun. (2024). The Implementation Of Canva As A Digital Learning Tool In English Learning At Vocational School. English Learning Innovation (englie), 5(2), 264–276. https://doi.org/10.22219/englie.v5i2.34839
Sutton, J., & Austin, Z. (2015). Qualitative Research: Data Collection, Analysis, and Management. The Canadian Journal Of Hospital Pharmacy, 68(3), 226–231. https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v68i3.1456
Thelma, C. C., Sain, Z. H., Shogbesan, Y. O., Phiri, E. V., & Akpan, W. M. (2024). Digital Literacy in Education: Preparing Students for the Future Workforce. International Journal of Research, 11(8), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13347718
Ullah, A., & Anwar, S. (2020). The Effective Use of Information Technology and Interactive Activities to Improve Learner Engagement. Education Sciences, 10(12), 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10120349
Umar, U., Purwanto, M., & Al Firdaus, M. (2023). Research And Development: As The Primary Alternative To Educational Research Design Frameworks. JELL (Journal of English Language and Literature) STIBA-IEC Jakarta, 8(01), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.37110/jell.v8i01.172
Williams, A. (2024). Delivering Effective Student Feedback In Higher Education: An Evaluation Of The Challenges And Best Practice. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 10(2), 473-501. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.3404
Winter, E., Costello, A., O’Brien, M., & Hickey, G. (2021). Teachers’ Use Of Technology And The Impact Of Covid-19. Irish Educational Studies, 40(2), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2021.1916559
Yasan, A. k. N., & Y?ld?r?m, S. (2022). The Development And Validation Of A Scale Measuring Mobile Phone Use In An Academic Environment. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 9(4), 931-948. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.946609
Zhao, X., Ren, Y., & Cheah, K. S. L. (2023). Leading Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) in Education: Bibliometric and Content Analysis From the Web of Science (2018–2022). SAGE Open, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231190821
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ningsi Ningsi, Hartono Hartono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license. that allows others to Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
This work is licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).
EDUCARE: Journal of Primary Education
Published by Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University of Jember, East Java, Indonesia
1.png)
