The Effectiveness of the RADEC Learning Model in Improving Student Learning Achievement

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35719/educare.v6i1.313Keywords:
Learning Model, RADEC, Learning AchievementAbstract
Learning is closely related to student academic achievement as one of the indicators of success. In the era of Society 5.0, many learning models have not met effectiveness standards, thus requiring more relevant innovations. The RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, Create) model is an alternative that encourages active student involvement and enhances learning outcomes. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the RADEC model in improving the academic achievement of elementary school students. The research employs a quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest control group experimental design involving two elementary school students. Data were collected through tests and observations and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Wilcoxon test to measure the effectiveness of the RADEC model in improving learning outcomes. The results indicate that the RADEC learning model effectively improves elementary students’ academic achievement through five active stages that promote critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration. The average posttest score of the experimental group reached 83.06. This model also strengthens intrinsic motivation, reflectivity, and 21st-century skills. The role of the teacher as a facilitator and ongoing training are key to the successful and meaningful holistic implementation of the model. This study contributes to the development of innovative learning models relevant to the needs of 21st-century education. The RADEC model proves capable of enhancing student academic achievement, critical thinking skills, creativity, and collaboration. The findings serve as a reference for educators and policymakers in designing effective learning strategies and encourage continuous teacher training to improve the quality of education in elementary schools.
References
Ahmed, S. K. (2024). How To Choose A Sampling Technique And Determine Sample Size For Research: A Simplified Guide For Researchers. Oral Oncology Reports, 12, 100662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oor.2024.100662
Almulla, M. A. (2023). Constructivism Learning Theory: A Paradigm For Students’ Critical Thinking, Creativity, And Problem Solving To Affect Academic Performance In Higher Education. Cogent Education, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2172929
Altinyelken, H. K., & Hoeksma, M. (2021). Improving Educational Quality Through Active Learning: Perspectives From Secondary School Teachers In Malawi. Research in Comparative and International Education, 16(2), 117-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499921992904
Aminah, S. A., & Dwi Setyowati , N. A. (2024). The Influence Of The Project Based Learning Model Using Video On The Creativity Thinking Ability And Ipas Learning Outcomes For Elementary School Students. JP (Jurnal Pendidikan): Teori Dan Praktik, 9(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.26740/jp.v9n1.p67-75
Andersen, R., & Rustad, M. (2022). Using Minecraft As An Educational Tool For Supporting Collaboration As A 21st Century Skill. Computers and Education Open, 3, 100094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100094
Anita, A., Syam, U. K., & Hamid, S. M. (2022). The Implementation Of Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, And Create (Radec) Learning Model To Improve Students’ Reading Ability At The Eleventh Grade Of Sma Pesantren Putri Yatama Mandiri. English Language Teaching Methodology, 2(2), 87–91. https://doi.org/10.56983/eltm.v2i2.3
Bari?evi?, M., & Lui?, L. (2023). From Active Learning to Innovative Thinking: The Influence of Learning the Design Thinking Process among Students. Education Sciences, 13(5), 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050455
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis In Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Candraswari, N. K. T., & Suniasih, N. W. (2024). RADEC Learning Model with the Assistance of Media Question Box to Improve Primary School Students’ Critical Thinking Ability. Thinking Skills and Creativity Journal, 7(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.23887/tscj.v7i1.75312
Chen, S., & Huang, P. (2024). The Impact of Teacher Emotional Support on Students’ Academic Achievement: An Empirical Study from an Educational Psychology Perspective. Education Insights, 1(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.70088/gypzp110
Chin, C., & Osborne, J. (2008). Students’ Questions: A Potential Resource For Teaching And Learning Science. Studies in Science Education, 44(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057260701828101
Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2019). Implications For Educational Practice Of The Science Of Learning And Development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791
Darling-Hammond, L., Schachner, A. C. W., Wojcikiewicz, S. K., & Flook, L. (2023). Educating teachers to enact the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 28(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2022.2130506
Darwin, D., Rusdin, D., Mukminatien, N., Suryati, N., Laksmi, E. D., & Marzuki. (2023). Critical Thinking In The AI Era: An Exploration Of EFL Students’ Perceptions, Benefits, And Limitations. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2290342
Daryanes, F., Darmadi, D., Fikri, K., Sayuti, I., Rusandi, M. A., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2023). The Development Of Articulate Storyline Interactive Learning Media Based On Case Methods To Train Students' Problem-Solving Ability. Heliyon, 9(4), e15082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15082
Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM Methods For Research In Social Sciences And Technology Forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092
De Klerk, C., Ker-Fox, J., & Steenekamp, L. (2024). Enhancing Critical Thinking Through Collaborative Learning: The Impact Of A Partial Pre-Release Assessment Format. Accounting Education, 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2024.2361647
Dessie, E., Gebeyehu, D., & Eshetu, F. (2023). Motivation, Conceptual Understanding, And Critical Thinking As Correlates And Predictors Of Metacognition In Introductory Physics. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2290114
Ding, Y., Wang, X., Cao, X., Hu, H., & Bu, Y. (2023). A Reinforcement Learning Method For Optimal Control Of Oil Well Production Using Cropped Well Group Samples. Heliyon, 9(7), e17919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17919
Dinsmore, D. L., & Fryer, L. K. (2019). Developing Learners’ Cognitive Strategies and the Motivation to Use Them: Rethinking Education Policy. Policy Insights From The Behavioral And Brain Sciences, 6(2), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732219860862
Donohue, T. H., & Aladé, F. (2024). Early Childhood Teachers’ Reflections On Participating In A District-Wide One-To-One Device Program. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 67, 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2024.01.006
du Plooy, E., Casteleijn, D., & Franzsen, D. (2024). Personalized Adaptive Learning In Higher Education: A Scoping Review Of Key Characteristics And Impact On Academic Performance And Engagement. Heliyon, 10(21), e39630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39630
Duong, H. T., Bui, P. U., & Lu, K. N. (2022). The Effectiveness Of Blended Learning On Students' Academic Achievement, Self-Study Skills And Learning Attitudes: A Quasi-Experiment Study In Teaching The Conventions For Coordinates In The Plane. Heliyon, 8(12), e12657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12657
El-Sabagh, H. A. (2021) Adaptive E-Learning Environment Based On Learning Styles And Its Impact On Development Students' Engagement. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 18, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00289-4
Fischer, F., & Kleen, S. (2021). Possibilities, Problems, And Perspectives Of Data Collection By Mobile Apps In Longitudinal Epidemiological Studies: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/17691
Fischer, J., Bearman, M., Boud, D., & Tai, J. (2023). How Does Assessment Drive Learning? A Focus On Students’ Development Of Evaluative Judgement. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 49(2), 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2023.2206986
Fitri, T., & Caswita, C. (2023). Exploring The Application of The Radec Learning Model (Read-Answer-Discuss-Explain and Create) in Improving Collaboration Skills of Low-Able Mathematics Students: A Case Study. Kreano, Jurnal Matematika Kreatif-Inovatif, 14(2), 395-400. https://doi.org/10.15294/kreano.v14i2.44861
Fromm, Y. M., & Ifenthaler, D. (2024). Designing Adaptive Learning Environments For Continuing Education: Stakeholders’ Perspectives On Indicators And Interventions. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 16, 100525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100525
Gamage, K. A. A., Dehideniya, D. M. S. C. P. K., & Ekanayake, S. Y. (2021). The Role of Personal Values in Learning Approaches and Student Achievements. Behavioral Sciences, 11(7), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11070102
Gan, Y., Zhang, J., Wu, X., & Gao, J. (2024). Chain Mediating Effects of Student Engagement and Academic Achievement on University Identification. SAGE Open, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241226903
Giannakos, M., Azevedo, R., Brusilovsky, P., Cukurova, M., Dimitriadis, Y., Hernandez-Leo, D., … Rienties, B. (2024). The Promise And Challenges Of Generative AI In Education. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2024.2394886
Golden, B. (2023). Enabling Critical Thinking Development In Higher Education Through The Use Of A Structured Planning Tool. Irish Educational Studies, 42(4), 949–969. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2023.2258497
Gosen, M. N., Willemsen, A., & Hiddink, F. (2024). Applying Conversation Analysis To Classroom Interactions: Students’ ‘Oh’-Prefaced Utterances And The Interactional Management Of Explanations. Classroom Discourse, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2024.2397127
Grzesiek, A., Zimroz, R., ?liwi?ski, P., Gomolla, N., & Wy?oma?ska, A. (2020). Long Term Belt Conveyor Gearbox Temperature Data Analysis–Statistical Tests For Anomaly Detection. Measurement, 165, 108124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108124
Gunawardena, M., Bishop, P., & Aviruppola, K. (2024). Personalized Learning: The Simple, The Complicated, The Complex And The Chaotic. Teaching and Teacher Education, 139, 104429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104429
Guo, Y., & Li, X. (2024). Regional Inequality In China's Educational Development: An Urban-Rural Comparison. Heliyon, 10(4), e26249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26249
Hanaysha, J. R., Shriedeh, F. B., & In'airat, M. (2023). Impact Of Classroom Environment, Teacher Competency, Information And Communication Technology Resources, And University Facilities On Student Engagement And Academic Performance. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 3(2), 100188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100188
Hariton, E., & Locascio, J. J. (2018). Randomised Controlled Trials-The Gold Standard For Effectiveness Research: Study Design: Randomised Controlled Trials. BJOG: An International Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology, 125(13), 1716. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15199
Hennessy, S., D'Angelo, S., McIntyre, N., Koomar, S., Kreimeia, A., Cao, L., Brugha, M., & Zubairi, A. (2022). Technology Use For Teacher Professional Development In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Computers and Education Open, 3, 100080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100080
Hinduja, P., Fakir Mohammad, R., & Siddiqui, S. (2024). Factors Influencing Students’ Academic Self-Efficacy in Related Domains. SAGE Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241289738
Huyler, D., & McGill, C. M. (2019). Book Review: Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 31(3), 75-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/nha3.20258
Jackson, D., Fleming, J. & Rowe, A. (2019). Enabling the Transfer of Skills and Knowledge across Classroom and Work Contexts. Vocations and Learning 12, 459–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-019-09224-1
Kamalov, F., Santandreu Calonge, D., & Gurrib, I. (2023). New Era of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Towards a Sustainable Multifaceted Revolution. Sustainability, 15(16), 12451. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612451
Kawar, L. N., Dunbar, G. B., Aquino-Maneja, E. M., Flores, S. L., Squier, V. R., & Failla, K. R. (2024). Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, and Triangulation Research Simplified. Journal Of Continuing Education In Nursing, 55(7), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20240328-03
Kim, J., Lee, H. & Cho, Y.H. (2022). Learning Design To Support Student-AI Collaboration: Perspectives Of Leading Teachers For AI In Education. Educ Inf Technol 27, 6069–6104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10831-6
Kim, S., Raza, M., & Seidman, E. (2019). Improving 21st-Century Teaching Skills: The Key To Effective 21st-Century Learners. Research in Comparative and International Education, 14(1), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499919829214
King, A. P., & Eckersley, R. J. (2019). Inferential Statistics III: Nonparametric Hypothesis Testing. In A. P. King & R. J. Eckersley (Eds.), Statistics For Biomedical Engineers And Scientists (pp. 119–145). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102939-8.00015-3
Kiviranta, L., Lindfors, E., Rönkkö, M. L., & Luukka, E. (2023). Outdoor Learning In Early Childhood Education: Exploring Benefits And Challenges. Educational Research, 66(1), 102–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2023.2285762
Kosteletos, G., Zioga, I., Protopapadakis, E. D., Panayiotou, A. G., Kontoangelos, K., & Papageorgiou, C. (2023). The Consequentialist Scale: Translation And Empirical Investigation In A Greek Sample. Heliyon, 9(7), e18386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18386
Kruk, M. E., Gage, A. D., Arsenault, C., Jordan, K., Leslie, H. H., Roder-DeWan, S., Adeyi, O., Barker, P., Daelmans, B., Doubova, S. V., English, M., García-Elorrio, E., Guanais, F., Gureje, O., Hirschhorn, L. R., Jiang, L., Kelley, E., Lemango, E. T., Liljestrand, J., Malata, A., … Pate, M. (2018). High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. The Lancet. Global health, 6(11), e1196–e1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3
Lahdenpera, J., Ramo, J., & Postareff, L. (2022). Student-Centred Learning Environments Supporting Undergraduate Mathematics Students To Apply Regulated Learning: A Mixed-Methods Approach. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 66, 100949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2022.100949
Le, H., Janssen, J., & Wubbels, T. (2017). Collaborative Learning Practices: Teacher And Student Perceived Obstacles To Effective Student Collaboration. Cambridge Journal of Education, 48(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2016.1259389
Lestari, H., Mohammad Ali, Wahyu Sopandi, & Ana Ratna Wulan. (2022). The ESD-oriented RADEC model: To Improve Students Sustainability Consciousness In Elementary Schools. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 12(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.12.02.11
Lestari, H., Sopandi, W., Sa'ud, U., Musthafa, B., Budimansyah, D., & Sukardi, R. (2021). The Impact of Online Mentoring in Implementing RADEC Learning to the Elementary School Teachers’ Competence in Training Students’ Critical Thinking Skills: A Case Study During COVID-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 10(3), 346-356. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.28655
Li, X., Lv, X., Zhou, Y., You, Z., Chen, Y., Cui, Z., & Diab, A. (2020). Homogeneity Evaluation Of Hot In-Place Recycling Asphalt Mixture Using Digital Image Processing Technique. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120524
Lim, W. M. (2024). What Is Qualitative Research? An Overview and Guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(2), 199-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264619
Liu, D., & Lu, L. (2024). The Analysis of Time Management and Students’ Self-efficacy of Blended Learning: A Case Study of College English Course in the University of Science and Technology Liaoning. International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews, 4(2), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.60027/ijsasr.2024.4510
Liu, S., & Li, C. (2023). Promoting Design Thinking And Creativity By Making: A Quasi-Experiment In The Information Technology Course. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49, 101335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101335
Maqbool, M. A., Asif, M., Imran, M., Bibi, S., & Almusharraf, N. (2024). Emerging E-Learning Trends: A Study Of Faculty Perceptions And Impact Of Collaborative Techniques Using Fuzzy Interface System. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101035
Marini, A., Safitri, D., Niladini, A., Zahari, M., Dewiyani, L., & Muawanah, U. (2025). Developing A Website Integrated With Project-Based Learning: Evidence Of Stimulating Creativity Among Elementary School Students In Indonesia. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101402
Marougkas, A., Troussas, C., Krouska, A., & Sgouropoulou, C. (2023). Virtual Reality in Education: A Review of Learning Theories, Approaches and Methodologies for the Last Decade. Electronics, 12(13), 2832. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132832
Martin-Alguacil, N., Avedillo, L., Mota-Blanco, R., & Gallego-Agundez, M. (2024). Student-Centered Learning: Some Issues and Recommendations for Its Implementation in a Traditional Curriculum Setting in Health Sciences. Education Sciences, 14(11), 1179. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14111179
Masek, A., Ismail, A., Hashim, S., & Mohd, S. (2021). Defining Students’ Active Participation In A Group Discussion Session From Different Perspectives. Academia, 0(23-24), 67-84. https://doi.org/10.26220/aca.3599
McCombs, B. L. (2015). Developing Responsible And Autonomous Learners: A Key To Motivating Students. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/education-career/k12/learners
Mebert, L., Barnes, R., Dalley, J., Gawarecki, L., Ghazi-Nezami, F., Shafer, G., … Yezbick, E. (2020). Fostering Student Engagement Through A Real-World, Collaborative Project Across Disciplines And Institutions. Higher Education Pedagogies, 5(1), 30–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2020.1750306
Miseliunaite, B., Kliziene, I., & Cibulskas, G. (2022). Can Holistic Education Solve the World’s Problems: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 14(15), 9737. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159737
Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). Conceptualizing AI Literacy: An Exploratory Review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100041
Niño, J. R. G., Delgado, L. P. A., Chiappe, A., & González, E, O. (2024). Gamifying Learning with AI: A Pathway to 21st-Century Skills. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2024.2421974
Nurmalisa, Y., Nurhayati, N., & Hidayat, R. (2023). The Advantages of Model Project Citizen on Student Learning Achievement: An Empirical Practice from Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 6(1), 144-152. https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i1.733
Nwoko, J. C., Emeto, T. I., Malau-Aduli, A. E. O., & Malau-Aduli, B. S. (2023). A Systematic Review of the Factors That Influence Teachers’ Occupational Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(12), 6070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20126070
Oktavia, N., & Pamungkas, A. S. (2023). The Effectiveness Of The RADEC Learning Model On The Numerical Ability Of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Students. Union: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 11(3), 436–443. https://doi.org/10.30738/union.v11i3.15132
Panakaje, N., Bhagwath, A. A., Parvin, S. M. R., Madhura, K., & Kambali, U. (2024). Accelerating Entrepreneurship: Evidence From The Incubation Centers Of Management Institutes Of Dakshina Kannada. Heliyon, 10(14), e34312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34312
Patel, N. V. (2003). A Holistic Approach To Learning And Teaching Interaction: Factors In The Development Of Critical Learners. International Journal of Educational Management, 17(6), 272–284. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540310487604
Pluye, P., Gagnon, M. P., Griffiths, F., & Johnson-Lafleur, J. (2009). A Scoring System For Appraising Mixed Methods Research, And Concomitantly Appraising Qualitative, Quantitative And Mixed Methods Primary Studies In Mixed Studies Reviews. International Journal Of Nursing Studies, 46(4), 529–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.01.009
Rigopouli, K., Kotsifakos, D., & Psaromiligkos, Y. (2025). Vygotsky’s Creativity Options and Ideas in 21st-Century Technology-Enhanced Learning Design. Education Sciences, 15(2), 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15020257
Robas, V. R., Madariaga, J. M., & Villarroel, J. D. (2020). Secondary Education Students’ Beliefs about Mathematics and Their Repercussions on Motivation. Mathematics, 8(3), 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8030368
Ruaya, P. P., Kang, H. X., Reader, S., & Hidayat, T. (2022). Role of Teacher Competence to Implement the Independent Curriculum. International Journal of Science Education and Cultural Studies, 1(2), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.58291/ijsecs.v1i2.48
Saleh, E., Tarawneh, A., Dwairi, H., & AlHamaydeh, M. (2022). Guide To Non-Destructive Concrete Strength Assessment: Homogeneity Tests And Sampling Plans. Journal of Building Engineering, 49, 104047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104047
Sarmiento-Campos, N.-V., Lázaro-Guillermo, J. C., Silvera-Alarcón, E.-N., Cuellar-Quispe, S., Huamán-Romaní, Y.-L., Apaza, O. A., & Sorkheh, A. (2022). A Look At Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory (SCT): The Effectiveness Of Scaffolding Method On EFL Learners’ Speaking Achievement. Education Research International, Article 3514892. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3514892
Sato, S. N., Condes Moreno, E., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., Dalamitros, A. A., Yañez-Sepulveda, R., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2024). Navigating the New Normal: Adapting Online and Distance Learning in the Post-Pandemic Era. Education Sciences, 14(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010019
Scott-Barrett, J., Johnston, S.-K., Denton-Calabrese, T., McGrane, J. A., & Hopfenbeck, T. N. (2023). Nurturing Curiosity And Creativity In Primary School Classrooms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 135, 104356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104356
Singh, J., Evans, E., Reed, A., Karch, L., Qualey, K., Singh, L., & Wiersma, H. (2021). Online, Hybrid, and Face-to-Face Learning Through the Eyes of Faculty, Students, Administrators, and Instructional Designers: Lessons Learned and Directions for the Post-Vaccine and Post-Pandemic/COVID-19 World. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 50(3), 301-326. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395211063754
Strielkowski, W., Grebennikova, V., Lisovskiy, A., Rakhimova, G., & Vasileva, T. (2025). AI-Driven Adaptive Learning For Sustainable Educational Transformation. Sustainable Development, 33(2), 1921–1947. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3221
Sukardi, R. R., Sopandi, W., Beeth, M. E., & Shidiq, A. S. (2022). What Creative Ideas Came Up about Global Warming in RADEC Online Class? Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 37(2), 51–83. https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2022.37.2.4
Sukmawati, I., Imron, A., & Soesanti, S. (2024). Implementation Of The RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, Create) Model Integrated Culturally Responsive Teaching To Improve Students's 4C Skills. Jurnal Teori dan Praksis Pembelajaran IPS, 9(2), 114-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um022v9i22024p114
Sutantri, N., Sopandi, W., Wahyu, W., & Latip, A. (2023). Voltaic Cell Learning Design Using the RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create) Model Oriented toward the Pancasila Student Profile. JEC, 5(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.21580/jec.2023.5.1.13746
Tang, T., Vezzani, V., & Eriksson, V. (2020). Developing Critical Thinking, Collective Creativity Skills And Problem Solving Through Playful Design Jams. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37, 100696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100696
Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J.-M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., Feybesse, C., Sundquist, D., & Lubart, T. (2023). Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education. Journal of Intelligence, 11(3), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030054
Twahirwa, J. N., & Ntivuguruzwa, C. (2024). Enhancing Teachers’ And Students’ Conceptual Understanding Of Physics Through Smart Classrooms And Comprehensive Assessment Management Information System. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2365108
van Balen, J., Gosen, M. N., de Vries, S., & Koole, T. (2022). Taking Learner Initiatives Within Classroom Discussions With Room For Subjectification. Classroom Discourse, 15(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2022.2128689
Ventista, O. M., & Brown, C. (2023). Teachers’ Professional Learning And Its Impact On Students’ Learning Outcomes: Findings From A Systematic Review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100565
Walters-Williams, J. (2022). H-CUP: Increasing Higher Order Thinking Skills Levels through a Framework Based on Cognitive Apprenticeship, Universal Design and Project Based Learning. Creative Education, 13, 2878-2902. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2022.139181
Wang, N., Wang, X., & Su, Y. S. (2024). Critical Analysis Of The Technological Affordances, Challenges And Future Directions Of Generative AI In Education: A Systematic Review. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 44(1), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2024.2305156
Willemsen, A., Gosen, M. N., Koole, T., & de Glopper, K. (2019). Teachers’ Pass-On Practices In Whole-Class Discussions: How Teachers Return The Floor To Their Students. Classroom Discourse, 11(4), 297–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2019.1585890
Yang, L. (2023). An “Interactive Learning Model” to Enhance EFL Students’ Lexical Knowledge and Reading Comprehension. Sustainability, 15(8), 6471. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086471
Yang, Y., Hirdes, J. P., Dubin, J. A., & Lee, J. (2019). Fall Risk Classification In Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using A Smart Wrist-Worn Device And The Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care: Prospective Observational Study. JMIR Aging, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/12153
Yu, Z., Guindani, M., Grieco, S. F., Chen, L., Holmes, T. C., & Xu, X. (2022). Beyond T Test And ANOVA: Applications Of Mixed-Effects Models For More Rigorous Statistical Analysis In Neuroscience Research. Neuron, 110(1), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.030
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V.I., Bond, M. et al. (2019). Systematic Review Of Research On Artificial Intelligence Applications In Higher Education – Where Are The Educators?. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 16, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Zion, M., Adler, I., & Mevarech, Z. (2015). The Effect of Individual and Social Metacognitive Support on Students’ Metacognitive Performances in an Online Discussion. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 52(1), 50-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633114568855
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Achmad Miftachul Ulum, Moch. Farich Alfani, Abd Razak Zakaria

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
The author holds the copyright and grants the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
All material contained on this site is protected by law. It is prohibited to cite part or all of the contents of this website for commercial purposes without the approval of this journal's editorial board.
If you find one or more articles contained in EDUCARE: Journal of Primary Education that violates or has the potential to violate your copyright, please report it to us via email at Principle Contact.
The formal legal aspect of access to any information and articles listed on this journal website refers to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license.
All Information contained in EDUCARE: Journal of Primary Education is academic. EDUCARE: Journal of Primary Education is not responsible for any losses incurred due to misuse of information from this site.